GES-1

GES-1 is a human gastric epithelial cell line commonly used in research focused on the gastric mucosa, particularly in studies exploring gastric diseases, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses. These cells are derived from normal gastric tissue and provide an in vitro model for investigating the effects of environmental toxins, drugs, and pathogens on gastric epithelial cells.

One significant area of research utilizing GES-1 involves studying the cytotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, such as nanoplastics, on human gastric cells. For example, polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) have been shown to enter GES-1 cells via endocytosis, inducing cellular stress responses such as autophagy, apoptosis, and decreased cell proliferation. These particles were found to accumulate in vesicles, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, indicating their internalization and cytotoxic potential within gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, studies have shown that inhibiting pathways like the RhoA/F-actin signaling pathway reduces the internalization of these nanoplastics, which helps in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cellular uptake and response to foreign particles.

GES-1 cells are also used to investigate the protective effects of various compounds against gastric injuries. For instance, the traditional medicinal plant Fallopia denticuta has demonstrated protective effects on GES-1 cells against ethanol-induced damage. The study showed that extracts of this plant enhanced the proliferation of GES-1 cells and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to gastric ulcer development. This makes GES-1 an important tool for exploring both cytotoxic mechanisms and potential protective treatments in gastric health research.

37°C, 5% CO₂, humidified atmosphere.

1. Confirm that the vial remains deeply frozen upon delivery, as cells are shipped on dry ice to maintain optimal temperatures during transit.

2. Upon receipt, either store the cryovial immediately at temperatures below -150°C to ensure the preservation of cellular integrity, or proceed to step 3 if immediate culturing is required.

3. For immediate culturing, swiftly thaw the vial by immersing it in a 37°C water bath with clean water and an antimicrobial agent, agitating gently for 40-60 seconds until a small ice clump remains.

4. Perform all subsequent steps under sterile conditions in a flow hood, disinfecting the cryovial with 70% ethanol before opening.

5. Carefully open the disinfected vial and transfer the cell suspension into a 15 ml centrifuge tube containing 8 ml of room-temperature culture medium, mixing gently.

6. Centrifuge the mixture at 300 x g for 3 minutes to separate the cells and carefully discard the supernatant containing residual freezing medium.

7. Gently resuspend the cell pellet in 10 ml of fresh culture medium. For adherent cells, divide the suspension between two T25 culture flasks; for suspension cultures, transfer all the medium into one T25 flask to promote effective cell interaction and growth.

8. Adhere to established subculture protocols for continued growth and maintenance of the cell line, ensuring reliable experimental outcomes.

Mycoplasma contamination is excluded using both PCR-based assays and luminescence-based mycoplasma detection methods.

To ensure there is no bacterial, fungal, or yeast contamination, cell cultures are subjected to daily visual inspections.

For long-term preservation, place vials in vapor-phase liquid nitrogen at about −150 to −196 °C. Storage at −80 °C is acceptable only as a short interim step before transfer to liquid nitrogen.

Cryopreserved cell lines are shipped on dry ice in validated, insulated packaging with sufficient refrigerant to maintain approximately −78 °C throughout transit. On receipt, inspect the container immediately and transfer vials without delay to appropriate storage.

At Cytion, we stand behind the quality and viability of our products. We guarantee that our cells will be viable at the start of culture for 60 days after shipment from our facilities. We assure that all materials conform to the specifications described in the Certificate of Analysis and/or Product Sheet.

For full details, please refer to our Warranty Statement.